Category Archives: Records, All

Two frog species discovered in Eastern and Western Ghats

The new frog species – ‘Fejervarya kalinaga’, the new frog species discovered in the Eastern Ghats. | Photo Credit: arranged pic
The new frog species – ‘Fejervarya kalinaga’, the new frog species discovered in the Eastern Ghats. | Photo Credit: arranged pic

They are indicators of healthy ecosystem and live in wide habitat ranges

In a significant discovery, two species of frogs have been recorded in the Indian peninsular — Fejervarya kalinaga from the Eastern Ghats and Fejervarya krishnan from the Western Ghats. “The Eastern Ghats species of Fejervarya kalinga attains significance since it is endemic to moist high altitude forest of the region. Its type locality is from Mahendragiri in Odisha (west of Srikakulam). In Andhra Pradesh it is found in high elevation region of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam (Araku, Chintapalli, Sileru) and Papikonda National Park of East Godavari district. It is one of the very few species of herpetofauna endemic to the Eastern Ghats,” said Prudhvi Raj, post doctoral research fellow of the Wildlife Institute of India and the lead author of the paper for the latest findings.

Mr. Raj has been working on various aspects of amphibians for the past five years. The discovery is a collaborative effort of institutions like the Wildlife Institute of India, the Zoological Survey of India and the North Orissa University. “These new species are habitat specialists, living in perennial hill streams and have been unnoticed due to their secretive habit and morphological similarities with similar looking species of cricket frogs,” Mr. Raj told The Hindu.

‘Fejervarya krishnan’, the new frog species that discovered in the Western Ghats.   | Photo Credit: arranged pic
‘Fejervarya krishnan’, the new frog species that discovered in the Western Ghats. | Photo Credit: arranged pic

The species from the Eastern Ghats is widely distributed in the hilly mountains and named after the ancient kingdom of Kalinga — the historical region comprising Odisha and part of Andhra Pradesh that is north of River Godavari. The Fejervarya krishnan, found near the Jog Falls in Shimoga district of Karnataka, is named after the eminent biologist the late KS Krishnan for his colossal contribution in the field of biological sciences. Krishnan was professor emeritus at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore and was one of the key persons in embarking the School in Herpetology sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology.

The Kalinga cricket frog was first spotted from various localities of the Eastern Ghats by Prof. Sushil Kumar Dutta, a renowned herpetologist and former professor at the North Orissa University, and the Krishnan cricket frog by Mr. Raj from a single locality near the Jog Falls.

‘Largest species’

Sharing details, Mr. Raj said: “The Kalinga cricket frog is one of the largest of its group and grows up to 6.5 cm, whereas the other has an average size of 2 cm.” Cricket frogs are indicators of healthy ecosystem and live in wide habitat ranges in agricultural fields, streams, swamps and wetlands.

Others who worked on the paper include KP Dinesh (scientist at the Zoological Survey of India, Pune), Abhijit Das (scientist at the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun), Niladri B. Kar (post-doctoral research scholar at the North Orissa University) and Pratyush P. Mohapatra (scientist at the Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur).

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> States> Andhra Pradesh / by Nivedita Ganguly / Visakhapatnam – June 06th, 2018

Bengaluru: Hearing impaired woman covers 8,300km on bike

DRIVEN BY PASSION: Archana Timmaraju embarked on the tour to motivate the hearing impaired
DRIVEN BY PASSION: Archana Timmaraju embarked on the tour to motivate the hearing impaired

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HIGHLIGHTS

  • Hearing impaired Archana Timmaraju is back in Bengaluru after completing a 8,300km bike ride to Ladakh.
  • Born with 40% hearing ability, Archana has been facing difficulties and disabilities in her speech

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Bengaluru :

She may be hearing impaired but that hasn’t stopped her from being adventurous. Archana Timmaraju, 33, is back in the city after completing a 8,300km bike ride to Ladakh .

Hailing from Andhra Pradesh, Archana studied in St John’s School, Bengaluru, and later did her masters in metal sculpting from Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath. Other than sculpting, Archana also teaches art at Mallya Aditi International School.

“I started riding at 21 and haven’t looked back since. The aim of this tour — Journey to Inspire — was to motivate the hearing impaired and encourage more women to ride bikes,” she said.

Archana was accompanied by her friend and colleague Daniel Sundaram, a geography teacher, on the journey that began on April 29 and culminated at Freedom Park on May 29. She rode a Royal Enfield, while Daniel was on a KTM bike.

When asked about Archana’s feat, her mother Sita Mahalakshmi said: “We were not scared at all.Archana made video calls to us every day and shared her location live so we knew where she was. I am extremely proud of her.”

Born with 40% hearing ability, Archana has been facing difficulties and disabilities in her speech. She can hear to a certain extent with help of an aid. Archana, with Daniel, has also founded a community, Silent Expedition, for bikers,withspecialemphasison those with disabilities.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> News> City> Bangalore / TNN / June 02nd, 2018

City skater Riya Saboo for South Korea

Riya Saboo, who is selected for Asian roller skating championship, to be held in South Korea in September. | Photo Credit: HAND OUT
Riya Saboo, who is selected for Asian roller skating championship, to be held in South Korea in September. | Photo Credit: HAND OUT

She will take part in Asian roller skating championship

City skater Riya Saboo is all set to take part in the Asian roller skating championship to be held in South Korea from September 4 to 14, according V P. Siddhartha Public School principal L.S. Ram Babu here on Tuesday.

The talented teenager, a Class X student of the school, is presently attending a training camp at Ahmedabad after completing her selection trials in the first week of May. “Riya will be taking part in frees style and pair skating along with Jaswanth Bathina,” he added.

Mr. Ram Babu said 15-year-old Riya, who started her tryst with skating in the age of seven, has so far participated in two world championships in Italy and China along with an Asian event in China. “She has so far clinched 14 national medals, including eight gold, and over 25 State medals that included 14 gold,” he said.

Synthetic rink

Roller Skating Andhra Pradesh secretary Durga Prasad said skaters from other Asian countries were in an advantageous position as they mastered skating on synthetic rink from the Day One. “For young Riya it will be a challenging task,” he said.

Hes said Vijayawada was yet to get a rink of international standards forcing talented skaters to look for advanced training in other places.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> States> Andhra Pradesh / by Special Correspondent / Vijayawada – May 23rd, 2018

Child archer Aarush creates national record

Four-year-old Malapati Maruthi Aarush Reddy, who created a national record to enter the India Book of Records in Vijayawada on Sunday.   | Photo Credit: CH_VIJAYA BHASKAR
Four-year-old Malapati Maruthi Aarush Reddy, who created a national record to enter the India Book of Records in Vijayawada on Sunday. | Photo Credit: CH_VIJAYA BHASKAR

A champion in the making, says Volga academy chairman

Archery in Vijayawada received a boost as the four-year-old kid Malapati Maruthi Aarush Reddy creating a national record in the individual archery segment by shooting more number of arrows in the least time from 15 metres distance on 122-cm target face.

The attempt, held at Volga Archery Academy in the presence of Indian Book of Records and Asia Books of Records adjudicator Biswadeep Roy, was witnessed by a good number of archers, parents and media personnel as young Aarush armed with Indian bow and wooden arrows, completed his mission with élan.

He slammed 118 arrows in 14.40 seconds from 15-meter distance on 122-cm target face thus creating a new record. “Aarush successfully completed 100 arrows and later slammed 18 more within the specified time to create a record,” said Mr Roy, who presented the citation on behalf of India Book of records.

“Both the parents and grandparents of Aarush, all four practising physicians, deserve a huge pat on their backs, for their untiring commitment to helping the kid reach his first major milestone in archery. He is practising in the academy for the past eight months. When I saw the inborn talent in him I decided to train him this feat just to help him grow as a professional archer confidently,” said Volga Archery Academy chairman Cherukuri Satyanarayana.

Aarush’s parents and grandparents are well established in Narasaraopet but for the sake of the kid’s s tryst with archery, they rented out an apartment in Kanuru for the convenience of training.

Mr. Roy hailed Volga Archery Academy for its contributions and pointed out that the academy was fast emerging as a base for kid archers to hog the limelight at the national level by taking a shot at the records.

”A few years ago, Dolly Shivani created national records and later shot into world fame as documentaries were as made for international film festivals I wish to see more kids coming forward to take a shot at the national records”.

He said Aarush come out with flying colours in the qualifying rounds as he fulfilled the criteria of shooting 70 arrows from the distance of 15-metres on 122-cm target face.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> States> Andhra Pradesh / by Special Correspondent / Vijayawada – May 21st, 2018

Veteran paddlers from city for Las Vegas tourney

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Jayaram, Mohammad Iqbal previously bagged medals in Thailand

City’s veteran paddlers – K. Jayaram and Iqbal Mohammad – are all set to take part in the world veterans’ table tennis championship be held at Las Vegas (USA) from June 18 to June 24.

They are among the nine players from the State vying for the honours in different age groups.

The annual event will be held for players above 50 years in both men and women categories.

Jayaram, a former State men’s ls champion for several years, had already represented India in Germany, Sweden, New Zealand editions and won the first international medal by bagging a bronze team medal in the Asian veteran championship in Thailand in 2011.

He also won two bronze medals in the veteran nationals and was all India civil services champion for six consecutive times.

Jayaram, who is working as Section Officer at Railway Audit, was selected for India based on his performance in the Pune Nationals.

“I am playing for the past 37 years without a break and has so far played more than 180 tournament finals. I am the current 50-plus AP State champion,” he said.

Fifty five-year -old Mohammad Iqbal, a State government employee who was given a wild card, will be accompanying Jayaram. Mr. Iqbal had represented India in Brazil, Sweden and New Zealand editions as well. He was also a member of the Indian team that won the bronze medal at the Asian Veteran championship in Thailand in 2011. Both the players are fine-tuning their skills at Vijayawada Club.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> States> Andhra Pradesh / by Special Correspondent / Vijayawada – May 12th, 2018

The hotstepper

Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 10-05-2018: Commander (Retd) Vallabhajosyula Sriramulu ,a walker who won gold medals in the XXII World Masters Athletics Championships under the age group 90-95 years with his wife Satyavathi in Visakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 10-05-2018: Commander (Retd) Vallabhajosyula Sriramulu ,a walker who won gold medals in the XXII World Masters Athletics Championships under the age group 90-95 years with his wife Satyavathi in Visakhapatnam

Meet Commander Sriramulu Vallabhajosyula (retd.), who at 94, is preparing for the 2018 World Masters Athletics Championships to be held in Spain

If you see an aged man brisk walking before dawn at the Beach Road, try not to ask him ‘Why are you angry so early in the morning?’ It’s most likely Sriramulu Vallabhajosyula, a 94-year-old currently preparing for the 2018 World Masters Athletics Championships (WMAC) in Malaga, Spain in September.

As a young officer in the Indian Navy, every day after work, Vallabhajosyula would go sailing. But after retirement, he found it difficult to continue sailing since there weren’t any sailing clubs in Visakhapatnam back then. Far from confining himself at home, he took to brisk-walking instead. Since then, he has won several national and international competitions.

The nonagenarian is in splits as he shares incidents from morning walks. As if being perceived as angry wasn’t enough, Sriramulu deals with questioning looks, when he tells people how old he is. “Why would I lie about my age? Nowadays, when someone asks me how old I am, I simply smile and continue walking,” he says, laughing again.

Vallabhajosyula knows these question are well spirited but it breaks the rhythm of the training. Hence, he starts as early as 3.45 am, so that he can beat the heat, the traffic and the questions, all at once. But not all situations allow him to dodge the questions. Some early mornings, a senior citizen walks up to him and asks, ‘What do you eat?’ to which he responds sincerely. Raising his eyebrows, Vallabhajosyula sighs and adds, “Over the years, my diet has reduced.’’ He wonders if his dinky diet would be reasonable for others. He continues, “More than what one eats, one must pay attention to what they do after eating.” Vallabhajosyula sees walking not only as a hobby but also a great way to stay fit and uses weights only to strengthen his muscles, as he feels building the upper body will increase the weight on knees.

During his training, he doesn’t like to wear a watch or carry a phone. This is a cause of concern for Satyavati, his wife, because he fell down few times while walking. “One time he fell and got a severe bruise on his nose. But he managed to come back home. Of course, I get worried. But once he puts his mind to something, it’s hard to talk him out of it. He gives his 100%”, says 86-year-old , expressing her daily joy when she sees Vallabhajosyula return after the walk.

It’s been over 40 years since Vallabhajosyula settled down in Visakhapatnam. He took this decision keeping in mind the city’s strong association with the Indian Navy and the proximity to Machilipatnam, his hometown. Apart from race walking, Vallabhajosyula is immersed in non-fiction and books on astronomy.

His passion for astronomy made him a Navigation Officer in the Indian Navy. He has also stayed in Mumbai, Kochi and Visakhapatnam. But passionately recommends this city for it’s easy-going lifestyle, and credits the friendly people of Visakhapatnam. who know how to communicate effectively. Apart from the Beach Road, he recommends walkers of Visakhapatnam to walk up Kailasagiri Giri and enjoy the satisfying sea breeze after a challenging climb.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Life & Style / by Archit Mehta / May 11th, 2018

‘Of home and heartbreak’: how comedian Hari Kondabolu went mainstream

HariKondabolu01ANDHRA11may2018

A strong Indian flavour and potent political undertones. How Indian-American comedian Hari Kondabolu made his brand of stand-up mainstream

When Indian-American comedian Hari Kondabolu steps on stage at the Neptune Theater in Seattle, where his Netflix special Warn Your Relatives is being filmed, he looks at the packed audience in amazement and says, “We’ve got 800 people here. It’s important that I know that because my father will ask me after the show.” His father it turns out, is always disappointed at how low the number is. “And then I remember that my parents are from India,” Kondabolu explains, going on to imitate his father, “Oh 800 people, were you performing in a single Indian train car?”

Warn Your Relatives, Kondabolu’s first Netfllix special which released on May 8, shows the comedian regaling his audience with narratives about his South Asian heritage, along with sharp, incisive commentary about contemporary issues like racial profiling, terrorism, and mass shootings in America.

Born to Telugu parents in Flushing, the ethnically diverse neighbourhood of Queens, New York, 35-year-old Kondabolu has made his brand of stand-up — unabashed about his Indian roots, and with strong political undertones — mainstream.

Trump and more

The title, Warn Your Relatives, reflects his refusal to tone down his ideology and beliefs. A paraphrase from an earlier joke, it highlights that it is “about a changing country and a changing world, and the adjustments we need to start making,” Kondabolu says, adding, “Because we’re in the Trump era, [people] use words like opposition and revolution, but what does that really mean? I’d like to look at the climate we’re in right now.”

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Kondabolu’s watchlist
  • W Kamau Bell has a CNN show called United Shades of America and I love the fact that he’s educating so many people about their own country
  • Stewart Lee taught me that comedy has no limit and that even a joke that fails can be useful later
  • Aparna Nancherla is so quick, stinging and weird. You’re just not expecting any of those punchlines. She’s going to be extremely influential as a comedian for a long time
  • Lindy West speaks her truth, is blunt, fearless and is extremely funny
  • Ashok Kondabolu, and I am not just saying it because he’s my brother. But in terms of influences, I’ve become more open and willing to share about my life because of him. He doesn’t hold back

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HariKondabolu02ANDHRA11may2018

If he had not become a full-time stand-up comedian, he would have continued to work as an immigrant rights organiser, he confides. With a Masters in Human Rights from the London School of Economics, his comedy reflects his activist bent. His 2017 documentary, TheProblem with Apu, speaks about the problematic representation of South Asians in The Simpsons, the animated sitcom featuring Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, the wily convenience store owner with a thick Indian accent. With inputs from South Asian entertainers like Kal Penn, Aziz Ansari and Aasif Mandvi, Kondabolu, a fan of The Simpsons himself, discusses the problem of minority representation in mainstream American entertainment. In the aftermath of the documentary, Hank Azaria, the white American actor who voices Apu, stated late last month on Stephen Colbert’s The Late Show that he is willing to step aside from the role to allow for more representative inclusion.

“When you watch television in the West, [South Asians] don’t exist. You see a stark difference,” says Kondabolu. “It’s really strange, especially when contrasted with seeing Bollywood [and Telugu] films where we are seen as being in love, having conflict and with full personalities.”

Battling stereotypes

After years of touring across the country with his stand-up, and with three comedy albums under his belt, Kondabolu joins the ranks of America’s rising South Asian comedians with Netflix appearances, an influential group that includes the likes of Aziz Ansari, Aparna Nancherla, and Hasan Minhaj. When he started out, the first battle he faced was not making the audience laugh, but dealing with their surprise that he was even there. “They were expecting an Indian voice,” says Kondabolu, who, even when portraying his parents on stage, stays away from caricatured Indian accents, labelled ‘patanking’.

Even though The New York Times referred to him as ‘one of the most exciting political comics in stand-up today’, he does not believe that the nature of his work is political. In fact, he has “always hated being called political, because it separates the things that I’m talking about from everyday things,” he insists.

Not backing down

With light-hearted captions, Kondabolu retweets the hate mail that he continues to receive for his political statements, especially, The Problem with Apu. One woman labelled him ‘a disgrace to his religion,’ while another man claimed that ‘racism exists because of dumb people like you seeing it everywhere’.

“It breaks my heart a little bit, of course,” he says, adding, “What hurt the most was that people hadn’t seen the film and were making judgements based on my appearance and what they had heard.”

Yet, he does not keep things simple. He finds humour in complexity, and has never shied from talking about race, sometimes in ways that might make some members of his audience uncomfortable. “I know things have gotten a little better in this country, because fewer white people walk out of my shows.” When an older man in Seattle asks him where he is from, Kondabolu responds by saying that he is South Asian. When the man says, “I thought you were Indian,” Konbadolu reminds the audience that, “You can’t ask me where I’m from and not know geography,” going on to encourage them to “talk to your white relatives about racism.”

The family podcast

Family plays an important role in Kondabolu’s life and work. Like most comedians, he uses his relationship with his parents as fodder, but there is always an underlying tone of respect which extends to the artiste’s younger brother, Ashok, whom he describes as “brilliant” and a “very unique voice”.

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Member of the now defunct rap group Das Racist, Ashok, along with his brother, headlines the newly-launched live-recorded Kondabolu Brothers podcast, produced by Earwolf. “It was as simple as wanting to spend time together,” he tells me about the inspiration for the show. With sections where they discuss how underrated certain things like therapy (for Kondabolu) might be and episodes from their childhood visits to India, the podcast is a free-wheeling tête-à-tête between the two brothers.

Excited to bring his special to 180 countries, Kondabolu is humbled by how his comedy is travelling beyond America. “I don’t think I’ve ever had something so global. It means a lot that it’s playing in South Asia and in India,” he concludes.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Entertainment / by Sindhuri Nandhakumar / May 11th, 2018

18-ft-tall Kondapalli ambari elephant statue adorns airport

Centre of attraction: Life size replica of the Kondapalli ambari elephant installed at the airport at Gannavaram on Friday. | Photo Credit: V RAJU.
Centre of attraction: Life size replica of the Kondapalli ambari elephant installed at the airport at Gannavaram on Friday. | Photo Credit: V RAJU.

This will serve as Vijayawada mascot, says tourism official

The hand-crafted Kondapalli toys by nimble-fingered artisans who carve characters out of light soft ‘puniki’ wood are famous world over. The colourful toys travel across the length and breadth of the country and outside but the state of their makers is anything but bright. The initiatives launched to help the artisans of Kondapalli village to find a market for their products have not found response on the expected lines.

The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Authority (APTA), as part of its efforts to promote Kondapalli toys that also reflect Andhra culture, has embarked on a unique initiative. It has installed an 18-ft-tall image of a colourful ambari elephant, one of the famous toys in the Kondapalli collection, in front of the departure block of the international airport at Gannavaram.

Chief artisan Rangachari from Srikalahasti, along with half-a-dozen other artisans, worked on this 4-tonne statue that has cost around ₹10 lakh. The entire statue is carved out of wood.

APTA CEO Himanshu Shukla, after the formal inauguration of the statue, said the idea was to create a mascot for Vijayawada city.

‘Ideal choice’

“Amaravati has Buddha statue, Visakhapatnam has beaches and Tirupati has Venkateswara temple. Vijayawada did not have a mascot of its own and we thought the ancient craft of Kondapalli toy would be ideal for the purpose,” he said.

Pointing to the fact that nearly 4,000 people from various walks of life and different destinations touched the airport which operated nearly 20 flights, he said, “This place is the gateway to Vijayawada city. This ambari elephant statue standing here in all its glory will create a curiosity among the tourists and may take them to the toy-makers’ village, thus promoting the art and the artisans,” he said.

Airport Director Madhusudan Rao said the statue would be a big attraction for people visiting the airport. He thanked the Tourism wing officials for the move which, he maintained, would in turn help the artisans of Kondapalli village.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Vijayawada / by Special Correspondent / Vijayawada – May 05th, 2018

Jewel from jeweller’s family sparkles again

Immidi Prudhvitej
Immidi Prudhvitej

IIT-JEE topper of 2011, who left a cushy job to chase IAS dream, secures 24th rank in UPSC exams

This young man from the family of a small-time jewellery shop owner is special among Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) achievers this year despite not securing the rank that usually grabs headlines.

Unlike most other serious aspirants, he is a Telugu film buff, who left a cushy job abroad to fulfil his childhood passion of cracking the Civil Services examination. On the way to achieving his goal, he grabbed the country’s attention in 2011 by topping IIT-JEE.

Meet Immidi Prudhvitej, the 24th rank holder of Civil Services exams this year.

Notwithstanding his entry into IIT-Bombay, his passion for IAS remained undiluted. “My interest is not in IIT or a career abroad, but cracking the Civil Services,” Prudhvitej had told The Hindu in 2011 after his IIT-JEE success. “That’s the best way to serve society,” he had said.

Prudhvitej hails from the temple town of Dwaraka Tirumala in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and is sure to get IAS, even if it’s not in his native State.

After completing electrical engineering from IIT-Bombay, he received a lucrative offer from Samsung to work in South Korea. While working there, his Civil Services dream kept haunting him.

The two years that he stayed away from India and serious studies were just minor hurdles that he overcame with hard work and guidance of roommates, who were also IAS aspirants. “I came back to India with the sole purpose of taking a shot at Civils and achieved it in the first attempt,” he said.

All along, his father stood by him like a pillar of suppport. In fact, it was he who drilled into Prudhvitej’s mind about the role Civil Servants can play in improving the lives of people and encouraged him to achieve his long-cherished goal.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> National> Telangana / by R. Ravikanth Reddy / Hyderabad – April 30th, 2018

Andhra University student bags first prize at India’s first Print Biennale

Visakhapatnam :

G Satyanarayana, student of Andhra University fine arts department, bagged the first prize, consisting of a cash prize of Rs 2 lakh, at the first-ever Print Biennale held in India, organised by National Academy of Art or Lalit Kala Akademi in New Delhi.

Andhra University
Andhra University

He received the award from Union culture minister Mahesh Sharma. A total of six students were selected for the event and each has bagged prizes under different categories, said varsity officials. The other prize winners include T Jagadeesh, Srinivas Pulagam, etc. The students met the varsity vice chancellor Prof G nageswara Rao, who congratulated them for bringing laurels to AU.

Artists from 17 countries such as the United States of America, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Italy, Mexico, China, Israel, Sweden, Lithuania, Poland, Argentina, Greece, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Mauritius participated in the Biennale. A total number of 988 entries were received from across India, of which 127 had been chosen for the event. The number of foreign entries was 137, of which 50 artists were selected. A total of 73 artwork of international artists were put on display.

The exhibition opened on March 25 at Rabindra Bhavan Galleries. Printmaking is often called the most democratic medium because of its accessibility, outreach, and potential to connect artists throughout the world.

As an artform, Printmaking consists of the production of images, usually on paper but occasionally on fabric, plastic, or other support, by various techniques of multiplication, under the direct supervision of or by the hand of the artist. Such fine prints, as they are known collectively, are considered original works of art, even though they can exist in multiples. There are various techniques that can be used for printmaking, including relief, intaglio, planography, stencil, woodcuts, collagraphs and others.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / News> City News> Visakhapatnam / TNN / April 24th, 2018